Signs, Types, and How to Cope

Stonewalling involves refusing to communicate with another person and withdrawing from the conversation to create distance. Intentionally shutting down during an argument, also known as the silent treatment, can be hurtful, frustrating, and harmful to the relationship.

Jump to Key Takeaways

What Stonewalling Means in a Relationship

Stonewalling is broadly described by the following behaviors:

How to Tell If Someone Is Stonewalling

Many times, stonewalling in a relationship is obvious. However, it can also be subtle, and you may not realize that you or your partner are engaging in the behavior. Signs of stonewalling can include:

• Ignoring what the other person is saying
• Changing the subject to avoid an uncomfortable topic
• Storming off without a word
• Coming up with reasons not to talk
• Refusing to answer questions
• Making accusations rather than talking about the current problem
• Using dismissive body language, such as rolling or closing their eyes
• Engaging in passive-aggressive behaviors such as stalling or procrastinating to avoid talking about a problem
• Refusing to ever acknowledge the stonewalling behavior

For the person who is being stonewalled, it is normal to feel frustrated, angry, confused, and hurt. It can have a damaging impact on a person’s self-esteem and make them feel like there is a lack of trust and closeness in their relationship.

Is Stonewalling a Type of Gaslighting?

Stonewalling can be a form of gaslighting when it is used intentionally to make people question their reality. Gaslighting involves causing other people to doubt themselves and their experiences. Being ignored can leave you feeling powerless and useless.

You might blame yourself or even doubt your own interpretation of the situation. Because of this self-doubt, people who are being stonewalled may feel weak or unable to get out of a toxic relationship.

Why People Do It

While stonewalling can be hurtful, you shouldn’t necessarily assume that it is inherently ill-intended. At its very heart, stonewalling is often a behavior born out of fear, anxiety, and frustration. Some reasons a person may resort to stonewalling include:

• Generalized avoidance of conflict (emotional passivity)
• Desire to reduce tension in an emotionally-charged situation
• Genuine belief that they “cannot handle” a certain topic
• Fear of their partner’s reaction or where a talk may lead
• Belief that their partner has no desire to resolve the conflict
• Underlying hopelessness that a resolution cannot be found
• A means to establish themselves as neutral on the subject
• A way to view their partner as “emotional” or “unreasonable” 
• A means to manipulate a situation so that they can get their way
• A means of bringing a situation to a crisis, either to draw larger grievances into the conflict or to end a relationship altogether

Stonewalling is oftentimes a tactic learned during childhood. It may have been a behavior their parents used to “keep the peace” or to gain dominance in the family hierarchy.

Even if the stonewalling appears intentional and aggressive, remember that it’s often used by people who feel powerless or have low self-worth. Within this context, stonewalling may be a defensive mechanism used to compensate for these feelings. 

Types of Stonewalling

There are a few different ways that stonewalling might appear in a relationship. These include:

• Unintentional stonewalling: Sometimes stonewalling is a learned response that partners use to cope with difficult or emotional issues. People who stonewall may do so to avoid escalating a fight or to avoid discussing an uncomfortable topic. They also might be afraid of their partner’s reaction.
• Intentional stonewalling: In extreme cases, stonewalling is used to manipulate a situation, maintain control in the relationship, or inflict punishment. If you think your partner is verbally abusing you, speak with a counselor or therapist for advice.

There are also healthy behaviors that can be mistaken for stonewalling. It’s important to note that stonewalling is not the same thing as asking for space or setting boundaries. Asking for time or space requires communication. When your partner asks to discuss something later with the full intention of coming back to the conversation, they are not stonewalling you.

How It Can Hurt a Relationship

Whatever the underlying cause, stonewalling can damage a relationship.

• It can be abusive: Partners who are stonewalled often feel demeaned or abused. They may even begin to question their own self-worth. Stonewalling can be abusive when the other person does it intentionally and uses it as a way to manipulate or control others. It can be a tactic to shift the blame for relationship problems onto the other person without taking any personal responsibility.
• It increases conflict: The problem is that shutting someone out often escalates the situation they were trying to avoid. It forces a confrontation, or frustrations build to a point where someone says or does something they regret.
• It can increase the risk for divorce: Some researchers have suggested that stonewalling is a key predictor of divorce. Stonewalling behaviors signal an unwillingness to resolve problems central to sustaining the relationship.
• It can affect health: Other studies have shown that the behavior can have a direct physiological impact on both partners. A 2016 study, which followed 156 couples over a 15-year period, concluded that stonewalling was associated with acute musculoskeletal symptoms such as backaches, neck stiffness, and generalized muscle aches. By contrast, the stonewalled partner was more likely to experience cardiovascular symptoms such as increased blood pressure, tension headaches, and rapid heart rate. 

Stonewalling is a negative and destructive way of communicating. It often causes people to withdraw from the other person, which harms the emotional intimacy in a relationship. As people withdraw, it creates a sense of distance and the people in the relationship may begin to grow apart.

How to Respond When Your Partner Shuts Down

If stonewalling occurs in your relationship, it’s best to deal with it as a couple. Whether you are the stonewaller or the person being stonewalled, you cannot isolate stonewalling as the problem. Doing so only assigns blame and diminishes the larger issues in the relationship.

Because a relationship is unlikely to succeed without communication and collaboration, you need to find the right tools to “reprogram” old communication habits. Couples counseling can help in this situation.

Couples therapy is designed to help both partners understand why stonewalling is taking place. As a couple, you learn to identify behaviors or practices that lead to stonewalling.

Once those are identified, you can then be taught a more structured approach to communication. Here are some elements that might be included in the strategy:

• Accepting feedback and acknowledging wrong perceptions or mistakes
• Acknowledging what was said before launching into a reply
• Agreeing to postpone the conversation if things get contentious
• Being aware of body language while the other person speaks
• Expressing understanding of the situation and allowing each person to reply
• Decompressing before approaching a contentious topic
• Finding a safe space where neither partner feels cornered
• Setting a time to return to the conversation when things have settled
• Using words that are neutral rather than criticizing or accusing

If your partner refuses to participate in counseling, you may still find it helpful to talk to a therapist. A mental health professional can help you learn to cope. If a resolution cannot be found, something such as a trial separation or even an end to the relationship may be necessary.

Key Takeaways

• Stonewalling involves shutting down and refusing to communicate. Refusing to talk, avoiding conversations, ignoring the other person, and giving someone the silent treatment are a few signs of this behavior.
• It may happen due to avoidance, fear, hopelessness, upbringing, or poor self-worth. Sometimes, it’s used intentionally as a tactic to manipulate and control others.
• Stonewalling can have damaging effects on a relationship, but it is also something that individuals and couples can work to overcome.